Biodiversitas Belalang (Acrididae : Ordo  Orthoptera) pada Agroekosistem  (Zea mays L.) dan Ekosistem Hutan Tanaman

Bagas Prakoso

doi:10.20884/1.mib.2017.34.2.490

Biodiversitas Belalang (Acrididae : Ordo Orthoptera) pada Agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan Ekosistem Hutan Tanaman

Bagas Prakoso⁽¹⁾

⁽¹⁾ Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama (UMNU) Kebumen

DOI: 10.20884/1.mib.2017.34.2.490

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman belalang (Acrididae: Ordo Orthoptera) pada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman serta menentukan peran belalang pada kedua ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survai lapangan. Parameter yang diamati pada setiap lokasi meliputi keanekaragaman vegetasi tumbuhan, pengumpulan belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera dan pengamatan langsung terhadap belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera. Keanekaragaman belalang yang ditemukan pada ekosistem dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman meliputi: indeks keanekaragaman (H’), kemerataan (E) dan indeks kesamaan sorensen (C) serta analisis korelasi dan regresi. Sampel diambil dari agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman yang selanjutnya diulang sebanyak empat kali. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April s/d Juli 2014. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 3.097 individu Orthoptera yang termasuk dalam Famili Tetrigidae, Acrididae dan Pyrgomorphidae yang terdiri dari 7 genus yaitu Atractomorpha, Criotettix, Gesunola, Hesperotettix, Miramella, Oxya, dan Valanga dengan 7 spesies. Pada agroekosistem ditemukan 3 spesies dengan 1.030 individu sedangkan pada hutan tanaman ditemukan 5 spesies dengan 2.067 individu. Hasil nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Weinner pada ekosistem hutan tanaman nilai keanekaragamannya lebih tinggi (0,6307) jika dibandingkan dengan agroekosistem (0,5325). Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka ekosistem hutan tanaman memiliki biodiversitas belalang yang lebih tinggi daripada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.).

Kata Kunci

Acrididae, Agroekosistem, Belalang, Biodiversitas, Ekosistem Hutan

Teks Lengkap:

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