Kepadatan, Pola Distribusi dan Pola Pertumbuhan Udang Putih (Penaeus merguiensis de Man) di Perairan Estuari Margasatwa Karang Gading

Abstract

Abstract

Research on the density, distributionpattern and growth pattern of White Shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis de Man) in the Estuary Waters of the Karang Gading Wildlife Reserve, Deli Serdang Regency was carried out from June to August 2021. White shrimp samples were carried out for three days at three stations with the same time for 2 days. month of observation. The sampling point was determined by using the purposive sampling method. Samples were taken with a mini purse seine and the water physicochemical factors were identified at the Agricultural Laboratory of the University of North Sumatra. The results showed that the density of white shrimp was 4.50 ind/m2-7.33 ind/m2 with the highest density value found at station  I of 7.33 ind/m2 and the lowest was 4.50 ind/m2, the distribution pattern of white shrimp with the range of  I d 3.06-3.18 refers to grouping criteria, the growth pattern of white shrimp is allometric (-) with b 2.201 (I), 2.686 (II), 2.722 (III), the value of substrate fraction at station I (sand 24, 5%, 40% silt, 35.5% clay, dusty clay substrate type), station II (41.5% sand, 44% silt, 14.5 clay, clay substrate type), station III (43% sand, silt 28%, 29% clay, sandy loam substrate type). While the relationship of density with water chemistry factors obtained temperature, brightness, depth, current velocity, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, DO and phosphate to the density index of white shrimp obtained in the opposite direction of correlation (-), and the direction of correlation in the direction of (+) pH, salinity, and nitrate.

Key words: Density, distribution pattern, growth pattern, substrate  fraction, water physicochemical factors

Abstrak

Penelitian mengenai kepadatan, pola distribusi dan pola pertumbuhan Udang Putih (Penaeus merguiensis de Man) di Perairan Estuari Suaka Margasatwa Karang Gading Kabupaten Deli Serdang telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2021. Sampel udang putih dillakukan tiga hari pada tiga stasiun dengan waktu yang sama selama 2 bulan pengamatan . Titik pengambilan sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Purposive sampling. Sampel diambil dengan pukat cincin mini dan faktor fisika kimia air diidentifikasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara.  Hasil penelitian didapatkan kepadatan udang putih sebesar 4,50 ind/m²-7,33 ind/m²  dengan nilai kepadatan tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun I sebesar 7,33 ind/m²  dan terendah sebesar 4,50 ind/m², pola distribusi udang putih dengan kisaran Id 3,06-3,18 mengacu  pada kriteria berkelompok, pola pertumbuhan udang putih bersifat allometrik (-) dengan b 2,201 (I), 2,686 (II), 2,722 (III), nilai fraksi substrat pada staisun I (pasir 24,5%, debu 40%, liat 35,5%, tipe substrat lempung berdebu), stasiun II (pasir 41,5%, debu 44%, liat 14,5, tipe substrat lempung), stasiun III (pasir 43%, debu 28%, liat 29%, tipe substrat lempung berpasir). Sedangkan hubungan kepadatan dengan faktor-kimia air didapatkan suhu, kecerahan, kedalaman, kecepatan arus, oksigen terlarut, BOD5, DO dan fosfat terhadap indeks kepadatan udang putih didapatkan arah korelasi berlawanan (-), dan arah korelasi searah (+) pH, salinitas, dan nitrat.

Kata kunci : Kepadatan, pola distribusi, pola pertumbuhan, fraksi substrat, faktor fisik kimia air